MindZine - Bridge

A.	*Observance of Laws*
	1.	General Obligation on Contestants
		Duplicate bridge tournaments should be played in strict accordance with the Laws.
	2.	Scoring of Tricks Won
		A player must not knowingly accept either the score for a trick that his side did not win or the concession of a trick that his opponents could not lose.
	3.	Waiving of Penalties
		In duplicate tournaments a player may not, on his own initiative, waive a penalty for an opponent's infraction, even if he feels that he has not been damaged (but he may ask the Director to do so - see Law 81C8).
	4.	Non-offenders' Exercise of Legal Options
		When these Laws provide the innocent side with an option after an irregularity committed by an opponent, it is appropriate to select that action most advantageous.
	5.	Offenders' Options
		Subject to Law 16C2, after the offending side has paid the prescribed penalty for an inadvertent infraction, it is appropriate for the offenders to make any call or play advantageous to their side, even though they thereby appear to profit through their own infraction.
	6.	Responsibility for Enforcement of Laws
		The responsibility for penalising irregularities and redressing damage rests solely upon the Director and these Laws, not upon the players themselves.
B.	*Infraction of Law*
	1.	Adjusted Score
		Whenever the Director deems that an offender could have known at the time of his irregularity that the irregularity would be likely to damage the non-offending side, he shall require the auction and play to continue, afterwards awarding an adjusted score if he considers that the offending side gained an advantage through the irregularity.
	2.	Intentional
		A player must not infringe a law intentionally, even if there is a prescribed penalty he is willing to pay.
	3.	Inadvertent Infraction
		There is no obligation to draw attention to an inadvertent infraction of law committed by one's own side (but see footnote to Law 75 for a mistaken explanation).
	4.	Concealing an Infraction
		A player may not attempt to conceal an inadvertent infraction, as by committing a second revoke, concealing a card involved in a revoke or mixing the cards prematurely.

LAW 73 - COMMUNICATION

A.	*Proper Communication between Partners*
	1.	How Effected
		Communication between partners during the auction and play shall be effected only by means of the calls and plays themselves.
	2.	Correct Manner for Calls and Plays
		Calls and plays should be made without special emphasis, mannerism or inflection, and without undue hesitation or haste (however, sponsoring organisations may require mandatory pauses, as on the first round of auction, or after a skip-bid warning, or on the first trick).
B.	*Inappropriate Communication*
	1.	Gratuitous Information
		Partners shall not communicate through the manner in which calls or plays are made, through extraneous remarks or gestures, through questions asked or not asked of the opponents or through alerts and explanations given or not given to them.
	2.	Prearranged Communication
		The gravest possible offence is for a partnership to exchange information through prearranged methods of communication other than those sanctioned by these Laws. A guilty partnership risks expulsion.
C.	*Player Receives Unauthorised Information from Partner*
	When a player has available to him unauthorised information from his partner, as from a remark, question, explanation, gesture, mannerism, special emphasis, inflection, haste or hesitation, he must carefully avoid taking any advantage that might accrue to his side.
D.	Variations in Tempo or Manner
	1.	Inadvertent Variations
		It is desirable, though not always required, for players to maintain steady tempo and unvarying manner. However, players should be particularly careful in positions in which variations may work to the benefit of their side. Otherwise, inadvertently to vary the tempo or manner in which a call or play is made does not in itself constitute a violation of propriety, but inferences from such variation may appropriately be drawn only by an opponent, and at his own risk.
	2.	Intentional Variations
		A player may not attempt to mislead an opponent by means of remark or gesture, through the haste or hesitancy of a call or play (as in hesitating before playing a singleton), or by the manner in which the call or play is made.
E.	*Deception*
	A player may appropriately attempt to deceive an opponent through a call or play (so long as the deception is not protected by concealed partnership understanding or experience). It is entirely appropriate to avoid giving information to the opponents by making all calls and plays in unvarying tempo and manner.
F.	*Violation of Proprieties*
	When a violation of the Proprieties described in this law results in damage to an innocent opponent,
	1.	Player Acts on Unauthorised Information
		if the Director determines that a player chose from among logical alternative actions one that could demonstrably have been suggested over another by his partner's remark, manner, tempo, or the like, he shall award an adjusted score (see Law 16).
	2.	Player Injured by Illegal Deception
		if the Director determines that an innocent player has drawn a false inference from a remark, manner, tempo, or the like, of an opponent who has no demonstrable bridge reason for the action, and who could have known, at the time of the action, that the action could work to his benefit, the Director shall award an adjusted score (see Law 12C).

LAW 74 - CONDUCT AND ETIQUETTE

A.	*Proper Attitude*
	1.	Courtesy
		A player should maintain a courteous attitude at all times.
	2.	Etiquette of Word and Action
		A player should carefully avoid any remark or action that might cause annoyance or embarrassment to another player or might interfere with the enjoyment of the game.
	3.	Conformity to Correct Procedure
		Every player should follow uniform and correct procedure in calling and playing.
B.	*Etiquette*
	As a matter of courtesy a player should refrain from:
	1.	paying insufficient attention to the game.
	2.	making gratuitous comments during the auction and play.
	3.	detaching a card before it is his turn to play.
	4.	prolonging play unnecessarily (as in playing on although he knows that all the tricks are surely his) for the purpose of disconcerting an opponent.
	5.	summoning and addressing the Director in a manner discourteous to him or to other contestants.
C.	Violations of Procedure
	The following are considered violations of procedure:
	1.	using different designations for the same call.
	2.	indicating approval or disapproval of a call or play.
	3.	indicating the expectation or intention of winning or losing a trick that has not been completed.
	4.	commenting or acting during the auction or play so as to call attention to a significant occurrence, or to the number of tricks still required for success.
	5.	looking intently at any other player during the auction and play, or at another player's hand as for the purpose of seeing his cards or of observing the place from which he draws a card (but it is appropriate to act on information acquired by inadvertently seeing an opponent's card ).
	6.	showing an obvious lack of further interest in a deal (as by folding one's cards).
	7.	varying the normal tempo of bidding or play for the purpose of disconcerting an opponent.
	8.	leaving the table needlessly before the round is called.

LAW 75 - PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENTS

A.	*Special Partnership Agreements*
	Special partnership agreements, whether explicit or implicit, must be fully and freely available to the opponents (see Law 40). Information conveyed to partner through such agreements must arise from the calls, plays and conditions of the current deal.
B.	*Violations of Partnership Agreements*
	A player may violate an announced partnership agreement, so long as his partner is unaware of the violation (but habitual violations within a partnership may create implicit agreements, which must be disclosed). No player has the obligation to disclose to the opponents that he has violated an announced agreement and if the opponents are subsequently damaged, as through drawing a false inference from such violation, they are not entitled to redress.
C.	*Answering Questions on Partnership Agreements*
	When explaining the significance of partner's call or play in reply to an opponent's inquiry (see Law 20), a player shall disclose all special information conveyed to him through partnership agreement or partnership experience, but he need not disclose inferences drawn from his general knowledge and experience.
D.	*Correcting Errors in Explanation*
	1.	Explainer Notices Own Error
		If a player subsequently realises that his own explanation was erroneous or incomplete, he must immediately call the Director (who will apply Law 21 or Law 40C).
	2.	Error Noticed by Explainer's Partner
		A player whose partner has given a mistaken explanation may not correct the error before the final pass, nor may he indicate in any manner that a mistake has been made; a defender may not correct the error until play ends. After calling the Director at the earliest legal opportunity (after the final pass, if he is to be declarer or dummy, after play ends, if he is to be a defender), the player must inform the opponents that, in his opinion, his partner's explanation was erroneous.

LAW 76 - SPECTATORS

A.	Conduct During Bidding or Play
	1.	One Hand Only
		A spectator should not look at the hand of more than one player, except by permission.
	2.	Personal Reaction
		A spectator must not display any reaction to the bidding or play while a deal is in progress.
	3.	Mannerisms or Remarks
		During the round, a spectator must refrain from mannerisms or remarks of any kind (including conversation with a player).
	4.	Consideration for Players
		A spectator must not in any way disturb a player.
B.	*Spectator Participation*
	A spectator may not call attention to any irregularity or mistake, nor speak on any question of fact or law except by request of the Director.

Chapter 1	Chapter 2	Chapter 3	Chapter 4	Chapter 5	Chapter 6
Chapter 7	Chapter 8	Chapter 9	Chapter 10	Chapter 11	Contents

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